Questions and their answers

Questions and their answers

1. Question: What is the defining feature of a dicot root's vascular bundle arrangement?

Answer: The vascular bundles are arranged radially, with the xylem forming a star-shaped pattern in the center.

2. Question: How does the pith of a monocot root differ from that of a dicot root?

Answer: A monocot root has a large, well-developed pith, while a dicot root has a small or absent pith.

3. Question: In a dicot stem, what is the specific term for the arrangement of vascular bundles?

Answer: The vascular bundles are arranged in a ring.

4. Question: Why are the vascular bundles in a monocot stem described as "closed"?

Answer: They are closed because they lack cambium, which means they cannot undergo secondary growth.

5. Question: What is the primary function of collenchyma cells in a dicot stem's hypodermis?

Answer: They provide mechanical support to the young, growing stem.

6. Question: What is the main structural difference in the mesophyll of a dorsiventral leaf compared to an isobilateral leaf?

Answer: A dorsiventral leaf has a differentiated mesophyll (palisade and spongy parenchyma), whereas an isobilateral leaf has an undifferentiated mesophyll.

7. Question: Where are stomata primarily located on a dorsiventral leaf?

Answer: They are predominantly found on the lower (abaxial) epidermis.

8. Question: What is the function of the sclerenchymatous sheath that surrounds the vascular bundles in a monocot stem?

Answer: It provides mechanical support to the vascular bundle.

9. Question: In a root, what is the arrangement of xylem called when the protoxylem is towards the periphery and the metaxylem is towards the center?

Answer: Exarch arrangement.

10. Question: What are the large, colorless epidermal cells in a monocot leaf that help in rolling the leaf called?

Answer: Bulliform cells.

11. Question: Which tissue system is responsible for the transport of water, minerals, and food in a plant?

Answer: The vascular tissue system.

12. Question: What is the primary function of the cortex in a root?

Answer: It is mainly involved in the storage of food and water.

13. Question: What is the name of the layer just inside the endodermis of a root from which lateral roots originate?

Answer: Pericycle.

14. Question: Why is the epidermis of a root often called "epiblema" or "piliferous layer"?

Answer: Because it gives rise to unicellular root hairs.

15. Question: What is the difference in the number of vascular bundles between a monocot root and a dicot root?

Answer: A monocot root has more than six (polyarch) vascular bundles, while a dicot root typically has two to six.

16. Question: What is the function of medullary rays in a dicot stem?

Answer: They are involved in the radial conduction of water and food.

17. Question: In a monocot stem, what is the term for the empty cavity formed by the disintegration of the lowermost protoxylem vessel?

Answer: Protoxylem lacuna.

18. Question: How does the cuticle on the upper epidermis of a dorsiventral leaf compare to the lower epidermis?

Answer: The cuticle on the upper epidermis is generally thicker to reduce water loss.

19. Question: What is the most characteristic feature of monocot leaf venation?

Answer: Parallel venation.

20. Question: What type of meristematic tissue is responsible for secondary growth in dicot stems?

Answer: Vascular cambium.

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