Complete Notes of Biology Students

  Multiple-Choice Questions on Seeds 1. The part of the seed that develops into the root is the: a) Epicotyl b) Hypocotyl c) Radicle d) Plumule 2. Which of the following is an example of an endospermic seed? a) Bean b) Pea c) Gram d) Castor 3. The primary function of a cotyledon is to: a) Protect the embryo b) Absorb water c) Provide nutrition to the developing embryo d) Develop into the first leaves of the plant 4. A seed without a true seed coat is found in: a) Gymnosperms b) Angiosperms c) Dicotyledons d) Monocotyledons 5. The process by which a seed germinates above the ground, with the cotyledons being pushed out of the soil, is called: a) Hypogeal germination b) Epigeal germination c) Vivipary d) Dormancy 6. The hard outer covering of a seed is known as the: a) Tegmen b) Hilum c) Micropyle d) Testa 7. Which of the following conditions is generally NOT required for seed germination? a) Light b) Water c) Oxygen d) Suitable temperature 8. The small pore on the surface of the see...

Fruits  * A fruit is botanically defined as:    a) A sweet, fleshy structure eaten by humans.    b) The mature and ripened ovule after fertilization.    c) The mature and ripened ovary after fertilization.    d) The entire inflorescence that becomes fleshy.    Answer: c) The mature and ripened ovary after fertilization.  * The wall of the fruit, which develops from the ovary wall, is called the:    a) Epicarp    b) Mesocarp    c) Endocarp    d) Pericarp    Answer: d) Pericarp  * In a fleshy fruit like a mango, the pericarp is differentiated into:    a) Epicarp and endocarp only.    b) Epicarp, mesocarp, and endocarp.    c) Mesocarp and endocarp only.    d) Just a single fleshy layer.    Answer: b) Epicarp, mesocarp, and endocarp.   * Which layer of the pericarp forms the "stone" or "pit" in a drupe fruit like a peach? ...

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) based on aestivation and placentation, along with their answers. Aestivation  * Aestivation refers to the arrangement of:    a) Leaves in a bud    b) Sepals or petals in a floral bud    c) Stamens in a flower    d) Ovules within the ovary    Answer: b) Sepals or petals in a floral bud  * In which type of aestivation do the margins of sepals or petals just touch each other without overlapping?    a) Twisted    b) Imbricate    c) Valvate    d) Vexillary    Answer: c) Valvate  * An example of valvate aestivation is found in:    a) China rose    b) Cotton    c) Pea    d) Calotropis    Answer: d) Calotropis  * When the margin of one petal overlaps that of the next one and so on, in a regular manner (either clockwise or anti-clockwise), it is called:    a) Imbricate aestivation ...

  NCERT Class 11 Biology Unit 2 (Structural Organisation in Plants and Animals) for the 2025-26 academic year. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)  * Which of the following is a characteristic feature of a stem?    a) Presence of root cap    b) Unicellular root hairs    c) Bears nodes and internodes    d) Develops from radicle    Answer: c) Bears nodes and internodes    Reasoning: Root cap and root hairs are root features. Radicle gives rise to roots. Nodes and internodes are characteristic of stems.  * In which type of venation do veins and veinlets form a network?    a) Parallel venation    b) Reticulate venation    c) Both a and b    d) Neither a nor b    Answer: b) Reticulate venation    Reasoning: Reticulate venation is characterized by a network of veins and veinlets, typically found in dicot leaves. Parallel venation involves veins running parallel t...