Complete Notes of Biology Students

Questions Paper 1 1-Mark Questions (Attempt all 10 questions) (Total: 10 Marks)  * What is the outermost protective layer of a plant organ called?  * Which type of vascular bundle is characterized by the presence of cambium?  * Name the tissue that forms the continuous undifferentiated mass in a monocot stem.  * In a dicot root, what is the arrangement of xylem called where the protoxylem is located towards the outside?  * What is the main function of the cuticle on the epidermis of a leaf?  * In which part of the dicot stem do lateral roots originate?  * What is the primary function of the cortex in both roots and stems?  * Which type of venation is characteristic of an isobilateral leaf?  * Name the special cells in the epidermis of monocot leaves that help in rolling and unrolling.  * What is the location of the vascular bundles in a monocot stem? 2-Mark Questions (Attempt 3 questions) (Total: 10 Marks)  * Differentiate between t...

Questions and their answers 1. Question: What is the defining feature of a dicot root's vascular bundle arrangement? Answer: The vascular bundles are arranged radially, with the xylem forming a star-shaped pattern in the center. 2. Question: How does the pith of a monocot root differ from that of a dicot root? Answer: A monocot root has a large, well-developed pith, while a dicot root has a small or absent pith. 3. Question: In a dicot stem, what is the specific term for the arrangement of vascular bundles? Answer: The vascular bundles are arranged in a ring. 4. Question: Why are the vascular bundles in a monocot stem described as "closed"? Answer: They are closed because they lack cambium, which means they cannot undergo secondary growth. 5. Question: What is the primary function of collenchyma cells in a dicot stem's hypodermis? Answer: They provide mechanical support to the young, growing stem. 6. Question: What is the main structural difference in the mesophyll of...

 One-mark questions and answers   * Question: What is the main function of the epidermal tissue system?    Answer: To form the outermost covering of the plant body for protection.  * Question: Name the two complex tissues that make up the vascular tissue system.    Answer: Xylem and phloem.  * Question: What is the name given to the outermost covering of the root?    Answer: Epiblema.  * Question: What is the function of root hairs?    Answer: To absorb water and minerals from the soil.  * Question: What is the term for the waxy, thick layer on the outside of the epidermis?    Answer: Cuticle.  * Question: Where in the plant are stomata primarily located?    Answer: In the epidermis of leaves.  * Question: What are the three components of the stomatal apparatus?    Answer: The stomatal aperture, guard cells, and surrounding subsidiary cells.  * Question: What is the na...

Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQ) 1. Which of the following is NOT a type of tissue system based on structure and location? A. Epidermal Tissue System B. Ground Tissue System C. Vascular Tissue System D. Meristematic Tissue System Answer: D 2. The epidermis of the root is often referred to as: A. Pericycle B. Cortex C. Endodermis D. Epiblema Answer: D 3. In dicot stems, the vascular bundles are arranged in a: A. Scattered pattern B. Radial arrangement C. Ring D. Concentric circles Answer: C 4. The vascular bundles in a monocot stem are described as: A. Open and conjoint B. Closed and conjoint C. Open and radial D. Closed and radial Answer: B 5. The main function of the cuticle is to: A. Facilitate gaseous exchange B. Prevent water loss C. Store food D. Provide mechanical support Answer: B 6. The mesophyll in a dorsiventral (dicot) leaf is differentiated into: A. Palisade and sclerenchyma B. Spongy and collenchyma C. Palisade and spongy parenchyma D. Endodermis and pericycle Answer: C 7. ...

  Multiple-Choice Questions on Seeds 1. The part of the seed that develops into the root is the: a) Epicotyl b) Hypocotyl c) Radicle d) Plumule 2. Which of the following is an example of an endospermic seed? a) Bean b) Pea c) Gram d) Castor 3. The primary function of a cotyledon is to: a) Protect the embryo b) Absorb water c) Provide nutrition to the developing embryo d) Develop into the first leaves of the plant 4. A seed without a true seed coat is found in: a) Gymnosperms b) Angiosperms c) Dicotyledons d) Monocotyledons 5. The process by which a seed germinates above the ground, with the cotyledons being pushed out of the soil, is called: a) Hypogeal germination b) Epigeal germination c) Vivipary d) Dormancy 6. The hard outer covering of a seed is known as the: a) Tegmen b) Hilum c) Micropyle d) Testa 7. Which of the following conditions is generally NOT required for seed germination? a) Light b) Water c) Oxygen d) Suitable temperature 8. The small pore on the surface of the see...

Fruits  * A fruit is botanically defined as:    a) A sweet, fleshy structure eaten by humans.    b) The mature and ripened ovule after fertilization.    c) The mature and ripened ovary after fertilization.    d) The entire inflorescence that becomes fleshy.    Answer: c) The mature and ripened ovary after fertilization.  * The wall of the fruit, which develops from the ovary wall, is called the:    a) Epicarp    b) Mesocarp    c) Endocarp    d) Pericarp    Answer: d) Pericarp  * In a fleshy fruit like a mango, the pericarp is differentiated into:    a) Epicarp and endocarp only.    b) Epicarp, mesocarp, and endocarp.    c) Mesocarp and endocarp only.    d) Just a single fleshy layer.    Answer: b) Epicarp, mesocarp, and endocarp.   * Which layer of the pericarp forms the "stone" or "pit" in a drupe fruit like a peach? ...